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  • 关于举行香港城市大学Jan Schnupp教授学术报告的通知

    发布者:梁栋  发布时间:2023-04-24  浏览次数:355

    报告题目:动物实验促进人工耳蜗编码策略改进研究

    How experiments in animals can point to better strategies for cochlear implants

    报 告 人:Jan Schnupp教授 香港城市大学

    邀 请 人:孟庆林 副教授

    报告时间:2023427日(星期四)下午16:0018:00

    报告地点:华南理工大学五山校区33号楼302

     

    欢迎广大师生参加。

     

    物理与光电学院

    2023419

     

    报告摘要:

    人工耳蜗(Cochlear Implants,简称CI)已成为治疗重度感音神经性听力损失的标准治疗方法。这种听力丧失的最常见原因是内耳中敏感的“毛细胞”受体的丧失,这些受体将声波振动转化为神经活动。CI使用声音处理器将传入的声音转换为电脉冲的模式,直接传递到听觉神经,绕过受损或缺失的毛细胞。通过这样的方式,CI通常能够恢复足够的听觉感知,使人们能够在安静环境下理解语言,但与健康的自然听觉相比,这些设备提供的听觉感知仍然非常有限。其中一个特定的弱点是CI用户在空间中定位声音的能力较差,研究人员此前曾推测这可能是由于耳蜗植入前失聪期间听觉通路的异常发育,可能损害了正常听觉系统在两只耳朵之间检测微小到达时间差异的卓越能力。然而,在研究失聪患者中的双耳线索发展时面临许多限制,这就是为什么我们的团队转向使用失聪大鼠进行动物实验的原因。在过去的6年里,我们取得了一系列的发现,我将在本次报告中进行回顾。我们能够证明,失聪本身并不损害精细双耳时间差(ITD)的灵敏度,关注CI中精确的电脉冲定时对于良好的双耳听觉至关重要,但同时我们也发现大脑中某些回声抑制机制似乎会受到经验的影响。我们的实验提供了丰富的数据,这些数据可以在未来用于开发更好的人工听觉设备,为失聪患者提供指导。

    Cochlear Implants (CIs) have become a standard treatment for patients with severe hearing sensorineural loss. The most common cause of such hearing loss is loss of the inner ears' sensitive hair cell receptors whichconvert sound wave vibrations into neural activity. CIs use sound processor devices to convert incoming sounds into patterns of electrical pulses that are delivered directly to the auditory nerve, bypassing the damaged or missing hair cells. In doing so they often restore enough of a sense of hearing to allow people to understand speech in quiet, but the sense of hearing afforded by these devices is nevertheless very poor compared to healthy, natural hearing. One particular weakness is the poor ability of CI usersto localize sounds in space, and researchers had previously speculated that this may be due to abnormal development of the auditory pathway during the period of deafness that precedes cochlear implantation, which may damage the normal auditory system'sremarkable ability to detect minuscule differences in the arrival time of sounds between the two ears. But researching binaural cue development in deaf patients faces many limitations, whichis why our team has turned to animal experiments using deafened rats. Over the past 6 years we have made a string of discoveries, which I will review in this talk. We were able to show that deafness per se does not damage the potential for exquisite interaural time difference sensitivity, that paying attention to precise electric pulse timing in the CIs is key to good binaural hearing, but also that certain echo suppression mechanisms in the brain do seem to be shaped by experience. Our experiments are generating a wealth of data whichcan guide the development of better prosthetic auditory devices for deaf patients in the future. 

     

    个人简介: 

    Jan Schnupp graduated from University College London with a Bachelor in Genetics in 1990 and obtained a doctorate in Neurophysiology from the University of Oxford in 1996 and a bachelor in mathematical sciences from the Open University in 2006. He was a junior research fellow at Christ Church, Oxford and a visiting research fellow at the University of Wisconsin at Madison before joining the faculty of the University of Oxford in 2002, where he was promoted to Professor in 2010. In 2016, Jan joined the faculty of City University of Hong Kong.


    Jan Schnupp1990年从伦敦大学学院(University College London)获得遗传学学士学位,并于1996年从牛津大学获得神经生理学博士学位,以及2006年从开放大学获得数学科学学士学位。他曾是牛津大学基督教堂学院的初级研究员,并在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校担任访问研究员,随后于2002年加入牛津大学教职,于2010年晋升为教授。2016年至今,Jan担任香港城市大学神经科学系教授。


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