Title: Advanced Solid State Physics
Speaker: Professor Chong Kim Ong, Centre for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore
Seminar1:
Time: 8:30~11:30am On December 13, 2011, Place: Room 310208, SCUT North Campus
Seminar2:
Time: 8:30~11:30am On December 14 , 2011, Place: Room 310405, SCUT North Campus
Seminar3:
Time: 2:30~5:30pm On December 15 , 2011, Place: Room 310208, SCUT North Campus
Seminar4:
Time: 19:30~22:30pm On December 15 , 2011, Place: Room 310203, SCUT North Campus
Seminar5:
Time: 8:30~11:30am On December 16, 2011, Place: Room 3102308, SCUT North Campus
Sponsor: School of Materials Science and Engineering
Brief introduction to Professor Ong:
Professor Ong graduated from Nanyang University and the Teacher’s Training College in Singapore. He obtained his PhD in 1973 from the University of Manitoba. He joined the Department of Physics NUS in 1981 and become a Professor in 1993. He received the Outstanding Scientist Award, Faculty of Science in 2007 and the Outstanding Researcher Award, NUS in 2010. As a physicist, he directs a group of young scientists in conducting basic research on functional materials, then explores their application into new devices. The sophisticated facilities in their research laboratories have been designed and built in-house, at low cost. They are based on original research, and many of them are not available commercially. Prof Ong is a tireless researcher and educator; he has published more than 450 papers in international journals with a Hirsch index of 32 and has recently authored a book entitled “Microwave Electronics” published by Wiley. He has previously supervised 30 PhD and 28 MSc students. The excellent quality of his research activities has been acknowledged world-wide. He is an esteemed fellow of the Singapore Institute of Physics and the Institute of Physics, UK and has served on the Advisory Boards of several international journals.In the local academic community, Prof Ong was the first Vice-President of the Singapore Academy of Science from 1998 to 2000 and the President of the Institute of Physics, Singapore, from 1996 to 2000.
Syllabus:
Lecture 1: Introduction to solid state physics
An introductory lecture in which some basic ideas of the periodic table;electron orbits;energy levels in atom ;bonding and microscopic properties from atom to molecule to material and simple crystal structure will be discussed. We shall discuss the structures of simple materials using models of packed spheres.The distinction between directional (covalent) and non-directional (van der Waals, ionic and metallic) bonding will be related to the kinds of structures seen.Crystal structures will be described in terms of the Bravais lattice and basis.Using Fourier analysis to derive diffraction conditions of wave and periodic structure and introduce the concepts of reciprocal lattice points .
Lecture 2 and Lecture 3: Models of electrons in solids
Models will be used to show how electronic structure emerges from the fundamental interactions of electrons in materials, as described by quantum mechanics. We shall review the free electron model and show how electrons bind atoms together in metals and covalent solids. We shall calculate the electronic specific heat and, using the idea of a relaxation time, calculate the thermal conductivity due to free electrons, and discuss electrical current, resistivity, and the Hall effect. Using perturbation theory and Bloch's theorem, the nearly-free electron model will be introduced to show how band gaps in the electron energy spectrum arise. The tight binding model will be introduced and used to demonstrate, from a different point of view, how band gaps emerge. We shall discuss the drift of electrons in bands, introducing the idea of the effective mass. We shall draw analogies between electron and phonon spectra, particularly with regard to band gaps.
Lecture 4: semiconductors
The variety of electronic and optical properties of solids will be discussed briefly using simple ideas of valence and conduction band structure for the electronic energy spectrum in materials, with examples. We shall take as examples materials ranging from electrical insulators to semiconductors and conductors.
We shall discuss the electronic structure of intrinsic and n- and p-type doped semiconductors. Donor and acceptor states and the electronic structure of each type of semiconductor will be described. Holes and electrons will be discussed. Binding energy of trapped electrons and holes, electron and hole concentration will be calculated. The impurity states and conductivity will be calculated. We shall consider processes taking place at p-n junctions, including carrier generation, and recombination. We shall discuss the operation of field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers and solar panels.
Lecture 5 :superconductivity
I shall review historical development of low temperature physics. Some details of low Tc microscopic theory , such as the Cooper pair model and BCS theory will be introduced. Superconductivity gap and condensation energy will be calculated.Some quantitative discussion of high Tc superconductivity will be given. General prospects of applications will be surveyed.
Text & Readings
C Kittel Introduction to Solid state Physics(8e) (Ch1-8)
Rolf E Hummel Electronic Properties of Materials (3e) Ch1-5 on Energy Bands
C T Sah Fundamentals of Solid State Electronics(Ch2) on semiconductor
T VanDuzer and CW Turner Superconductive Devices and Circuits